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A family of cryptographic functions that is parameterized by a symmetric key. Each of the functions can act on input data (called a “message”) of variable length to produce an output value of a specified length. The output value is called the MAC of the input message. MAC(k, x, …) is used to denote the MAC of message x computed using the key k (and any additional algorithm-specific parameters). An approved MAC algorithm is
expected to satisfy the following property (for each supported security strength):

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Without knowledge of the key k, it must be computationally infeasible to predict the (as-yet-unseen) value of MAC(k, x, …) with a probability of success that is a significant improvement over simply guessing either the MAC value or k, even if one has already seen the results of using that same key to compute MAC(k, xj, …) for (a bounded number of) other
messages (x_jneq x).

A MAC algorithm can be employed to provide authentication of the origin of data and/or to provide data-integrity protection. In this Recommendation, approved MAC algorithms are used to determine families of pseudorandom functions (indexed by the choice of key) that may be employed during key derivation.

Mary McMahon Date: September 27, 2022 Man climbing a rope

A
message authentication code (MAC) is a small block of data attached to a message that is used by the recipient to verify the integrity of the message. One could think of it as akin to the wax seals that used to be placed on letters and formal correspondence to verify the identify of the sender and confirm that the message had not been opened. Such codes are used when certain types of encrypted or secured data are
sent so the sender can check to confirm that the message has not been compromised. Message authentication codes can appear on messages such as electronic funds transfers and emails.

When a message is generated, the MAC is created the same time. The message is sent to the recipient, and when the recipient opens it, the contents of the message are run through an algorithm to create a new message
authentication code. This new code is compared with the code sent along with the original message. If the codes are the same, the message is authenticated. If there is a difference, it indicates that something about the message changed between sender and recipient.

The process of generating and comparing MACs usually happens behind the scenes. The sender and recipient rely on the encryption programs they use to handle the MAC. The program that generates the message authentication code is
written by a programmer familiar with cryptography needs. Custom applications may be written for high security situations, or people can use generic programs that are readily available.

Several different methods can be used to create a MAC, including a stream
cipher, a hash function, or a block cipher. Also known as a checksum, the MAC can be one among several layers of security that are designed to keep prying eyes away from messages and to ensure that messages are not manipulated or altered
without alerting the recipient. When a recipient opens a message that has been compromised, an alert will display to tell the user that the message authentication code does not match and that there is a problem with the message.

Cryptography is a constantly evolving process. As new techniques are developed, new methods for cracking them are also created. People interested in data security must think several steps ahead to predict methods for breaking cryptography so they can build strong
security systems. The development of supercomputers has assisted with this process by allowing cryptographers to develop and experiment with highly advanced encryption methods.

Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site
several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a SmartCapitalMind researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her không lấy phí time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced
the exciting challenge of being a SmartCapitalMind researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her không lấy phí time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.